1. The heart receives oxygen-deficient blood (see the white arrows) from the body into the right upper atrium.
   
   
2. When the heart contracts, the right lower ventricle will pump the blood into the lungs, where the carbon dioxide is exchanged for oxygen.
   
   
3. After the exchange, the blood containing fresh oxygen flows into the left upper atrium.
   
   
4. Oxygen-rich blood (see the black arrows) flows from the left upper atrium into the left lower ventricle.
   
   
5. When the heart contracts, the left lower ventricle will force the blood out to the body through a network of arteries.

Question 30: The beating sound your heart makes comes from
blood going in the wrong direction
The heart skipping beats
Your ears playing tricks on you
Valves closing


Question 31: With circulation, the heart provides your body with
Oxygen
Nutrients
A way to get rid of waste
All of the above

Question 32: The Atria are the upstairs chambers of the heart and these are the downstrairs chambers
Valves
Blood
Candy Hearts
Ventricles


Question 33: What wall separates the left side and the right side of the heart?
Ventricle
Atrium
The Great Wall
Septum


Question 34: The lining of the inner walls of the hearts chambers is termed the
Pericardium
Epicardium
Myocardium
Endocardium

Question 35: The heart’s natural pacemaker is termed the
Atrio Ventricular or AV Node
Purkinje fibers
Bundle of His
Sino Atrial or SA Node


Question 36: The exchange of gases and nutrients between blood and tissues is a major function of
Arteries
Arterioles
Veins
Capillaries


Question 37: Which of the following statements best describes arteries?
all arteries carry oxygenated blood towards the heart
all arteries contain valves to prevent the back-flow of blood
only large arteries are lined with endothelium
all arteries carry blood away from the heart


Question 38: The circulatory pathway that carries blood from the digestive tract towards the liver is termed the
coronary circuit
cerebral circuit
pulmonary circuit
hepatic portal circuit


Question 39: Immediately following strenuous and vigorous exercise, which of the following is most likely to occur?
blood will be rapidly diverted to the digestive organs
the skin will be cold and clammy
blood flow to the kidneys quickly increases
capillaries of the active muscles will be engorged with blood


Lymphatic System Review (Username: "client" & Password: "allow")

Question 40: Pus indicates that ______________
the body is trying to overcome infection
body tissues are dying
too much lymph has built up
the inflammatory response has failed to defend against bacterial invasion


Question 41: Blood in the pulmonary arteries
enters the heart’s right ventricle
is heading towards the lungs
leaves the left ventricle to enter the aorta
flows from the lungs towards the heart’s left atrium


Question 42: Blood returning to the heart from the inferior vena cava would enter the
left atrium
left ventricle
right atrium
right ventricle


Question 43: The pulmonary veins
carry oxygenated blood towards the heart
carry oxygenated blood away from the heart
carry deoxygenated blood away from the heart
carry deoxygenated blood towards the heart


Question 44: A/an ________ is usually a protein or polysaccharide chain of a glycoprotein molecule that the body recognizes as "non-self"
allergin
antigen
antibody
interferon
complement


Question 45: The immune system is chemically able to tell "self" from "non-self" based on a lock-and-key receptor-antigen fit
false
both true and false are correct
true
None of the answers above are applicable


Question 46: B lymphocytes mature in the bloodstream
true
both true and false are correct
false
incorrect question and not applicable


Question 47: T lymphocytes mature in the ________
lymph in the general lymphatic system
bone marrow
thymus gland
thyroid gland
spleen


Question 48: B cells give rise to plasma cells which produce ________
allergin
antigen
complement
interferon
antibody


Question 49: Antibodies bind with antigens in a lock-and-key manner
false
both true and false are correct
true
None of the above


Question 50: T cells produce antibodies
false
true
both true and false are correct
None of the Above


Question 51: A plasma cell is a mature B cell that mass produces ________
complement
antibodies
interferon
allergens
antigens


Question 52: There is a different lymphocyte type for each possible antigen
false
not applicable
true
None of the Above


Question 53: Certain T cells attack and destroy antigen-bearing cells
true
false
not applicable
none of the above


Question 54: A B cell does not clone until its antigen is present
false
true
not applicable
None of the Above


Question 55: When B cells undergo clonal expansion, they produce plasma cells and memory B cells
false
both true and false are correct
true
None of the Above


Question 56: Defense by T cells is called antibody-mediated immunity
true
both true and false are correct
false
None of the above


Question 57: Humoral immunity is so called because antibodies are present in the ________
upper arm bone or "humerus"
red blood cells
blood and lymph
tissues
cranium


Question 58: The most common type of antibody is a protein molecule with two arms
not applicable
both true and false are correct
false
true


Question 59: IgA antibodies are found in _______.
blood and on mast cells in tissues
general plasma
body secretions such as saliva and milk
lymph


Question 60: The main antibody type in circulation is _______
IgA
IgD
IgM
IgG
IgE


Question 61: ________ is the largest antibody
IgM
IgG
IgD
IgA
IgE


Question 62: IgG antibodies _________
are responsible for allergic reactions
bind to pathogens and their toxins
stimulate complement production
trigger inflammation


Question 63: IgM antibodies _________
activate complement and clump cells
attack bacterial toxins
are responsible for allergic reactions
attack microbes


Question 64: IgA antibodies attack microbes and bacterial toxins
true
false
not applicable
none of the above


Question 65: ________ antibodies are responsible for allergic reactions
IgM
IgD
IgE
IgG
IgA


Question 66: There is/are ________ main types of T cell(s)
two
three
four
five


Question 67: Which of the following is NOT a type of T cell?
helper T cells
plasma T cell
cytoxic T cells
memory T cells


Question 68: Cytotoxic T cells attack and destroy ________
viruses
bacteria
antigen-bearing cells
cells that produce toxins or poisons


Question 69: Cytotoxic T cells have storage vacuoles containing ___________
antibodies
complement
perforin molecules
IgG


Question 70: Perforin molecules function to ________
stimulate production of complement
trigger production of interferon
perforate a cell membrane
label a cell for attack by cytotoxic T cells


Question 71: Perforin molecules form holes in plasma membranes, allowing _________
vital cell contents to leak out
macrophages to phagocytize cells
water and salt to enter a cell
IgG to bind with foreign proteins


Question 72: ________ T cells are the only T cells involved in cell-mediated immunity
Helper
Memory
Cytotoxic
Suppressor


Question 73: HIV that causes AIDS infects _______
helper T cells
cytoxic T cells
suppressor T cells
memory T cells


Question 74: Helper T cells regulate immunity by increasing the response of other immune cells
false
true
not applicable
none of the above


Question 75: When exposed to an antigen, helper T cells enlarge and secrete messenger molecules called ________.
antibodies
perforin
cytokines
complement
IgG


Question 76: Cytokines _________
stimulate white blood cell formation
trigger inflammation
depress antibody production
make the body more susceptible to cancer


Question 77: ________ are antibodies of one specific type, all produced by plasma cells derived from the same B cell, and capable of identifying unique cells and infectious agents
Lymphokines
Monoclonal antibodies
Inflammatory reactions
Complement fixations
Antibody-mediated immunity


Question 78: With the human ABO blood types in the below transfusions, which person would safely receive blood lacking foreign antigens?
a type A person received type B blood
a type B person received type A blood
a type A person received type O blood
a type O person received type B blood
a type A person received type AB blood


Question 79: Why is hemolytic disease of the newborn (Rh-conflict) described as a likely problem only when the mother is Rh-negative and the father is Rh-positive?
the type Rh-negative is so rare that Rh-negative fathers are too uncommon
a type Rh-negative father is not possible since it is sex-linked
a type Rh-negative fetus in an Rh-positive mother does not expose the mother to any new antigens and therefore does not trigger any immune response
this was just the way the textbook gave the possible example and the reverse situation is just as much a problem


Question 80: When an immune system overreacts to an antigen or forms antibodies to substances that are usually NOT recognized as foreign, it results in _______
immune deficiency disease
autoimmune disease
allergic response
hemolytic disease
edema


Question 81: Myasthenia gravis, multiple sclerosis, lupus erythematosus, and rheumatoid arthritis are examples of ________
failure of the T cells to defend the body
immune deficiency diseases
normal inflammatory reactions
autoimmune diseases
failure of the B cells to defend the body


Question 82: Thanks to new biotechnology, there are now cures for all autoimmune diseases
true
both true and false are correct
false
none of the above


Question 83: All of the following belong to the lymphatic system EXCEPT
yellow bone marrow
lymph
lymphatic vessels
red bone marrow


Question 84: Which of the following cells produce antibodies?
T-lymphocytes
B-lymphocytes
monocytes
phagocytes


Question 85: Lymph nodes
are bean shaped organs
are located along lymphatic vessels
are acattered throughout the body
all of the above


Question 86: Worn-out and damaged red blood cells are destroyed in the
spleen
thymus gland
tonsils
lymph nodes


Question 87: Complement proteins
are present in infected cells
are found in blood plasma
are produced by T-cells
are produced by B-cells


Question 88: All of the following are symptoms of inflammation EXCEPT
pain
redness
fever
swelling


Question 89: Which of the following an act as an antigen?
bacteria
viruses
food
all of the above


Question 90: Vaccination is an example of
artifically acquired passive immunity
naturally acquired active immunity
artifically acquired active immunity
naturally acquired passive immunity


Question 91: Cell-mediated immunity is provided by
B-cells
macrophages
basophils
T-cells


Question 92: One of the functions that the lymphatic system performs is to return excess _____________fluid to the blood
clear
red-colored
interstitial
thoracic


Question 93: Lymph nodes are widely distributed throughout the body along the lymphatic pathways where they filter the before it is returned to the ________
lymph, blood
lymph, heart
blood, heart
blood, lymph


Question 94: The spleen is a lymph organ that filters blood and also acts as a reservoir for ______
interstitial fluid
blood
water
fat


Question 95: The __________ tonsils are the ones that are located near the opening of the oral cavity into the pharynx
linguals
oral
palatine
pharyngeal


Question 96: Lymph enters a lymph node through , filters through the ________, and leaves through ________
afferent vessels, sinuses, efferent vessels
afferent vessels, efferent vessels, sinuses
sinuses, afferent vessels, efferent vessels
efferent vessels, afferent vessels, sinuses


Question 97: The thymus also produces a hormone,___________, that stimulates the maturation of lymphocytes in other lymphatic organs
thymosin
oxytocin
calcitosin
estrogen


Question 98: The thymus is a soft organ with ______lobes that is located anterior to the ascending aorta and posterior to the sternum
four
two
three
five


Question 99: Of the fluid that leaves the capillary, about _____________percent is returned. The ________ percent that does not return becomes part of the interstitial fluid that surrounds the tissue cells
50, 50
40, 60
90, 10
20, 80


Question 100: Small organs associated with lymphatic vessels are termed ________
lymph follicles
cisterna chyli
lymph nodes
axillary nodes


Get Certificate